Egg neglect under risk of predation in Cassin’s Auklet (Ptychoramphus aleuticus)

نویسندگان

  • R. A. Ronconi
  • J. M. Hipfner
چکیده

We tested predictions concerning the significance of egg neglect for the burrow-nesting seabird Cassin’s auklet (Ptychoramphus aleuticus (Pallas, 1811)) at a colony where endemic Keen’s mice (Peromyscus keeni Merriam, 1897) depredate unattended eggs. A video-camera probe was used to monitor neglect and predation in 32 burrows, and mass loss of incubating adults was measured in 12 separate burrows. Incubating birds lost 8.1% of their body mass over obligate 24 h incubation shifts, suggesting that incubation is costly. In response, most pairs (79%) neglected their egg at least once. As predicted, rates of neglect decreased as incubation progressed, and the costs of neglect increased. Rates of neglect increased during periods of strong winds, which create poor foraging conditions at sea. Contrary to predictions, rates of neglect did not increase when burrows were colder and self-maintenance costs were higher. Neglect was risky in that rates of egg loss by predation increased with frequency of neglect. Increased neglect early in incubation and during periods of poor foraging conditions, despite high rates of predation on neglected eggs, is consistent with the existence of a fitness trade-off between costs and benefits of neglect. Résumé : Nous testons des prédictions au sujet de l’importance de la négligence des œufs chez le starique de Cassin (Ptychoramphus aleuticus (Pallas, 1811)), un oiseau marin qui niche dans des terriers, dans une colonie dans laquelle des souris à pieds blancs de Keen (Peromyscus keeni Merriam, 1897) pillent les œufs laissés sans soins. Une surveillance à la camera vidéo a permis de suivre la négligence et la prédation dans 32 terriers; nous avons aussi mesuré la perte de masse des adultes en train d’incuber dans 12 terriers différents. Les adultes qui couvent pendant une période imposée de 24 h perdent 8,1 % de leur masse corporelle, ce qui indique que la couvaison coûte cher. En réaction, la plupart des couples (79 %) ont négligé leur œuf à au moins une reprise. Comme prédit, les taux de négligence diminuent au cours de l’incubation et le coût de l’incubation augmente; ils s’accroissent aussi durant les périodes de vents forts qui créent de mauvaises conditions de recherche de nourriture en mer. Contrairement aux prédictions, les taux de négligence n’augmentent pas quand les terriers sont plus froids et les coûts de maintien individuel plus élevés. La négligence entraı̂ne des risques; les taux de pertes d’œufs par prédation augmentent en fonction de la fréquence de la négligence. Une négligence plus importante au début de l’incubation et durant les mauvaises périodes de recherche de nourriture, malgré les forts taux de prédation des œufs négligés, s’explique par un compromis associé à la fitness entre les coûts et les bénéfices de la négligence. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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تاریخ انتشار 2009